You've heard of Portofino but what about Procida? The smallest island in Italy's Bay of Naples has managed to fly mostly under the radar – for now, at least. Locals outnumber tourists in the steep, narrow streets here, which are lined with picture-perfect pastel buildings. But if it all looks little familiar, you might have seen the island feature in the 1994 film The Talented Mr Ripley or the Italian cinema classic Il Postino.

Portugal’s second city is renowned for its port wine production, fabulous food and dazzling riverside location. Its centre is a warren of medieval buildings and steep cobblestone streets with Baroque churches repurposed as bars and fortresses doubling as port cellars. The city is home to one of the oldest bookshops in the world, the Livraria Lello – it allegedly inspired J.K. Rowling’s fictional bookshop Flourish and Blotts in the Harry Potter series.

Everyone knows the impossibly pretty medieval city of Bruges; now we’d like to introduce you to Ghent. Challenging Bruges in the canal and cobbled-street stakes, Ghent is quaint and cosy yet large enough to provide those big-city experiences: impressive architecture, efficient public transport and a lively night-time economy.

Charming, artsy Constanța is a bustling seaport on the Black Sea, the oldest continually inhabited city in Romania. Its human history began in 600BC when it was founded by Timyris, queen of the Massagetae. In Roman times the poet Ovid was banished here; he denounced it as a cultural backwater. Now, though, its art, monuments, archaeological treasures and proximity to Black Sea beach resorts make Constanța a sought-after spot.

The name says it all, no? The moniker applies to both the large freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands and a village on its banks. The area is known for its trout and salmon fishing, ruined castles and dramatic Highlands scenery. The loch itself is the longest in the UK and on its shores are no fewer than six ruined medieval castles including Kilchurn, built in the 15^th century and ultimately destroyed by lightning in 1760.

This diminutive hilltop village has been a wine-growing community since Romans planted grapevines in the first century. The village is sublime, with historic houses, streets paved with shells laid by pilgrims and views over the Cure valley. The village and its abbey are both UNESCO World Heritage Listed; the abbey acquired the relics of St Mary Magdalene in the 9^th century and in 1190, Richard the Lion-Hearted and Philip II Augustus met here to depart for the Third Crusade.

The capital of Liechtenstein is as diminutive as the country (well, technically it’s a microstate) itself. In fact, it’s not even a city – Vaduz is a town of about 5500 residents who enjoy its location on the banks of the Rhine, its stunning castle and the dramatic mountains that soar above it. There’s plenty of vineyards, a thriving food scene and skiing (there’s even a Ski Museum).

While the heel of Italy’s boot is stuffed to bursting with tourists, its toe, the narrow peninsula of Calabria, separated from Sicily by the Strait of Messina, is oddly empty – plenty of space to spread the toes. Visit Tropea: the beauty of its sun-drenched coastline is only challenged by the charm of the historic town built on a cliff overlooking the pure blue sea. Its narrow cobbled lanes and  quiet piazzas provide a backdrop for an annual blues festival – though who could sing the blues here?

The largest city in Norway’s north, Tromsø is known for its distinctive wooden houses, cultural events and pristine wilderness. Located on an island just above the Arctic Circle, it’s a prime spot from which to observe the Northern Lights. From 20 May to 20 July, the midnight sun means everyone, locals and visitors alike, is out and about around the clock.

There are many things going for Estonia’s capital: its perfectly preserved UNESCO World Heritage listed Old Town, its free public transport and wifi and its wonderful collection of galleries and museums (aficionados of lace, children’s literature, puppetry and Estonian drinking culture will all find treasures here).

Calling all Sound of Music tragics: live out your fantasies in St Gilgen without some other tone-deaf fanatic harshing your vibe. Well, there might be a few – St Gilgen is a quintessential Austrian alpine village with a beautiful blue lake, the Wolfgangsee, and lovely traditional Christmas markets come winter.

Tiny, mountainous Macedonia is slowly gaining traction with tourists and its capital city, Skopje, is the best place to experience the country’s culture and history. Macedonia is a mish-mash of culture, and the riverside capital is the perfect microcosm of this eclectic country. Hole up in a cosy coffee house in Debar Maalo, explore the 12^th century Old Bazaar and take in the kitsch of the Skopje 2014 project which saw a series of enormous statues installed around the city – including a 40,000-tonne Alexander the Great.

This riverside city’s history stretches back to the Stone Age; Regensburg was called Radasbona by Celtic settlers and the Danube was known as Danubius in Roman times. It managed to avoid the fate of many European cities during World War II, emerging unscathed and being named a UNESCO World Heritage Site thanks to its well-preserved medieval centre, the largest north of the Alps.

Pula’s claim to fame is a quite remarkable array of Roman ruins, which are artfully integrated into the modern city. There’s a first-century amphitheatre where once crowds of thousands watched gladiatorial matches; now it hosts open-air concerts and an annual film festival. The Roman Forum is presently the main square. Istria was a part of Italy until 1947 so you will find top-notch pizza, pasta and ubiquitous gelato in Pula. 

Kosovo is Europe’s newest nation, having declared independence from Serbia in 2008. Not that there’s any evidence of this upheaval in pretty, quaint Prizren. The Bistrica River floats peacefully through the middle, lined on each side with cafés, bars and restaurants. The southern city, close to the Rahovec wine region, is Kosovo’s cultural capital, hosting film festivals and championing local artisans whose stunning silver filigree jewellery is made using techniques dating back to 15^th century Ottoman caravans.

Situated along the Adriatic coast, this resort town located on the “Slovene Riviera” lags behind Bled and Ljublana with visitors to Slovenia. It’s a mystery why: between its crystal Adriatic waters and its picturesque medieval old town, it’s the perfect European getaway. And culturally, there’s a lot to take in: in the past 100 years alone, Piran has been in the hands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Italy, Yugoslavia and, since 1991, independent Slovenia.

If faced with an important decision in ancient times, you wouldn’t make it without consulting Pythia, the oracle at Delphi. She (it was always a she) made her predictions from the Sanctuary of Apollo (4^th century BC), the remains of which can be seen in the vast archaeological complex on the south-western slope of Mount Parnassus. Ancient Delphi was known as the “navel of the world”; the modern city has great options for dining and is less than 30 minutes from the Corinthian coast.

Standing bestride the Neretva River, Mostar’s most famous landmark is the Stari Most (Old Bridge), a gorgeous arched bridge originally built by Ottomans in the 16^th century. The brutal Bosnian War in the 1990s left many buildings in Mostar damaged or destroyed; the bridge was a casualty and was rebuilt in 2004. Mostar is more than a bridge, though – it’s medieval towns, swimming lakes fed by waterfalls, the beautiful Dervish Monastery of Blagaj Tekke – and an inexplicable 1.68cm statue of Bruce Lee in Zrinjevac Park.

Matera is one of the most remarkable cities in Italy. It’s famed for its historical centre, Sassi di Matera, which is carved out of calcareous rock, called “tufo”, and dates back to Paleolithic times. Successive governments removed people from the cave-dwellings but since the 1980s the area has been regenerated and visitors can stay in a real Sassi cave dwelling and partake of the many restaurants and bars that have cropped up.

Logroño is on the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain but it’s much more than a mere rest-stop. Its attractive city centre teems with taperias serving traditional pintxo along with the region’s famous rioja wine and its many churches, plazas and museums are worthy of exploration.

The university city of Lille is France’s fourth-most populous. Like Paris, it is replete with history, culture and fabulous food; unlike Paris it lacks tourist hordes and inflated prices. Its historic centre dates back to the 17^th century with many Flemish-style red- and- brown-brick buildings. Each September it holds La Grande Braderie, a weekend-long flea market that has millions of attendees and more than 10,000 sellers.

If the Cornish coastline is a glittering crown. the archipelago known as the Isles of Scilly, 45 kilometres off its south-western tip, is its jewel. One hundred and forty white-sand islands make up Scilly; just five are inhabited. What’s most fascinating about them is their subtropical climate (thanks to balmy Gulf Stream temperatures and low-lying geography) – compared to the mainland it’s practically the Whitsundays.

Most tourists explore the main island of Malta with its shops, bars, museums and beaches, but the neighbouring isle of Gozo is just as beautiful with the added bonus of being significantly more chilled out. In Gozo, the air is redolent of wild fennel and rosemary and the sound of goat bells carries on the wind. The tiny capital, Rabat, is an oasis of squat yellow buildings surrounding the 14^th century fortified Cittadella.

If the name Gothenburg conjures some kind of dark and gritty Batman-esque Gotham City, you’ll be disappointed by Sweden’s second city. Its main claim to fame is a fun-park, the Liseberg Amusement Park, the “Fish Church” fish market and festivals dedicated to music, beer and cherry blossoms – and it’s pronounced “yeh-teh-bore-ee”.

Largely rebuilt after enduring heavy air raids in World War II, Gdansk’s Germanic architecture was replaced with other European-influenced styles such as Italian, Flemish and French. Now, the city on the Baltic Sea is a place of wide pedestrian boulevards, narrow row-houses and two universities.

Eighteen far-flung islands, adrift in the North Atlantic Ocean halfway between Iceland and Scotland, make up the archipelago of the Faroe Islands. Mystifyingly, settlers arrived here sometime around 300AD – no one knows quite who they were – and despite the rocky terrain and chilly climate, they decided to stay. Vágar, the only island with an airport, has some impressive sights such as the incredible lakes of Leitisvatn and Fjallavatn, historic villages and a massive bird population (including 40,000 puffins).

The French Riviera: Cannes, Nice, Monaco, oh my! But have you heard of Éze, the historic mountaintop village that’s all narrow winding lanes, archways opening out on to quiet courtyards and bougainvillea-draped houses? Here, the air is sweetly perfumed – thanks to a handful of boutique perfumeries including Fragonard – and the many restaurants, cafes and bars have stunning views over the Mediterranean.

This town in Northern Hungary was the country’s capital from the 10^th century until the 13^th century but its history goes even further back: recent excavations reveal habitation here since the end of the Ice Age. Esztergom is positively littered with incredible ancient buildings – to visit is to step back in time.

Wine-lovers, listen up: forget Bordeaux and head to Moldova. The tiny country squeezed between Romania and Ukraine is home to the Milestii Mici underground wine cellars, holding almost 2 million bottles of the good stuff across 250 kilometres of passages 50 metres below ground. It is so large that people bike or drive around its “streets”. Milestii Mici is located just outside Moldova’s capital Chișinău, a stark city rebuilt in Stalinist style following World War II. 

Located just a couple of hours drive from Prague, Český Krumlov has a lot of things going for it, not least a dearth of Brits on stag weekends taking advantage of cheap Czech beer. There’s a fairy-tale castle set over the meandering Vltava River, Renaissance and Baroque architecture and an old town made for strolling. Tourists tend to be day-trippers from Prague but a stay in the town will reward visitors with a spirited nightlife – don’t leave without experiencing a Roma gypsy musical performance.

Bratislava Castle presides over the pretty buildings of Slovakia’s capital, built on a plateau 85 metres above the Danube. The city is in the midst of a modernisation push but new edifices don’t mar the feel of the city – especially when it has ample baroque palaces, medieval cathedrals and, allegedly, Europe’s narrowest house. Like this mini-dwelling, what Bratislava lacks in size it makes up for in personality – unsurprising considering that in its long history it’s had to exert itself against Austrians, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Serbs and many more   

The capital of Albania, Tirana, has a burgeoning tourism industry, but for our money, Berat is Albania’s must-see. It’s one of the country’s oldest towns, its architecture a fascinating melange of Ottoman and Albanian styles that has earned it the nickname “City of a Thousand Windows”. It’s a true treasure trove of history and culture: mosques built within castles, castles built upon rocky outcrops and the stunning arched Gorica Bridge, which spans the Osum River.

Belgrade is home to two important museums, The National Museum and Mocab Museum of Contemporary Art, recently reopened, there are several sandy beaches and the town of Zemun, with its cobbled streets and lagums or underground corridors, is worth a visit.

This delightful town in the Pongau region of Salzberg grew up around its healing waters. In fact, “bad” means “spa”, and it’s the natural hot springs here that attracted the upper classes and royals during the 19^th century. Its lovely Belle Époque buildings were built at this time, turning the traditional farming and gold-mining area into a fashionable spa resort. In winter, it’s all about skiing, snowboarding and cross-country skiing.

It’s not quite Spain and it’s not quite France – it’s teeny tiny Andorra, shoehorned between the two in the eastern Pyrenees. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe at 1023 metres above sea level.  It’s a sure thing for snow bunnies in wintertime thanks to its mountainous location, which humans share with bears, eagles and even wolves. It’s also a tax-free haven meaning the cute medieval centre is also a shopping mecca.

Between booming Barcelona and the ever-popular Costa Brava is the fortified city of Girona. You may recognise it as Braavos in the Game of Thrones TV series; its impressive walls make it a suitable approximation. The city has an ancient cathedral dating back to the 1100s and one of Spain’s last existing Jewish quarters. El Call was a ghetto that grew up around the 900s and its stone buildings, secret gardens and narrow, labyrinthine alleys are still here to be explored.

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